The Great Vowel Shift
Examples:
ME /i/ > EMnE /ai/ bite, five, eye /u/ > /au/ down, loud, house
/e/ > /i/ feet, meed, heethe (heath) /o/ > /u/ roote
/ε/ > /e/ cleane (later /i/) /⊃/ > /o/ gote, bote (boat)
/a/ > /ε/ name, came (later /e/)